When Christine Wooden acquired a $12,000 invoice from Bristol Hospital, she thought it should be a mistake. It was greater than she and her husband made in a month mixed.
“I’m freaking out,” mentioned Wooden, who lives in a 1,700-square-foot house in Terryville, a village simply exterior Bristol, Connecticut. “I don’t perceive it.”
Wooden, 52, had weight reduction surgical procedure at Bristol Hospital in 2022, hoping it could assist together with her sleep apnea and the ache in her knees and again. Earlier than scheduling the process, she checked together with her insurer, she mentioned, and was informed the surgical procedure would price $5,000 out-of-pocket. She paid prematurely.
Greater than six months later, Bristol despatched Wooden one other invoice that pushed the price of her surgical procedure to greater than $17,000. Wooden mentioned she tried to dispute the cost. The hospital sued her.
“That’s ridiculous. I used to be informed so many instances by Aetna: ‘$5,000 out-of-pocket,’” Wooden mentioned. “I by no means would have had the surgical procedure had I identified it was going to price virtually 20 grand.”
Wooden is amongst greater than three dozen Connecticut sufferers the Connecticut Mirror and KFF Well being Information interviewed over the previous yr who had been sued by their hospital or doctor over unpaid payments.
The sufferers embody academics, small-business homeowners, a postal employee, a retired nursing house aide, a nurse, and a resort bellhop. Most had jobs and medical insurance. Almost all mentioned they needed to pay what they owed.
Sufferers taken to courtroom described baffling payments, complicated well being plan guidelines, and irritating and fruitless phone calls to hospital billing workplaces and well being insurers’ customer-service strains. Even after they tried to resolve their excellent payments, many mentioned they couldn’t get solutions.
Their experiences encapsulate breakdowns within the healthcare system that lure sufferers in debt. Medical health insurance didn’t cowl look after causes they couldn’t perceive. A number of sufferers didn’t qualify for monetary help from suppliers, regardless of modest incomes. In the event that they dedicated to pay, sufferers had been hit with liens on their houses or curiosity funds and courtroom charges that piled new debt onto their medical payments.
The business’s key gamers blame each other for a damaged system. Suppliers say insurers’ high-deductible plans saddle sufferers with large payments even after they have protection. Insurers say hospitals elevate costs at charges that outpace inflation.
In the meantime, sufferers are caught with the fallout. In 2022, about 4 in 10 adults within the U.S. reported carrying medical or dental debt.
“It’s unhealthy sufficient that I’ve unhealthy well being and must pay mountains of medical payments,” mentioned Samantha Mantiera, whom Danbury Hospital sued in 2024 over $10,000 she mentioned she was erroneously charged. “Then to continuously be coping with incorrect payments after which a lawsuit on prime of it took me excessive.”
Mantiera mentioned she spent months attempting to clarify to the hospital after which a group company that her insurance coverage statements indicated she owed simply $260. She was sued anyway.
After Mantiera contested the lawsuit, Danbury Hospital withdrew it, courtroom information present.
Mantiera mentioned she and her husband now journey as much as an hour from their Brookfield, Connecticut, house to keep away from hospitals owned by Danbury’s father or mother firm, now referred to as Northwell Well being.
Kathy Holt, who leads the state Workplace of the Healthcare Advocate, mentioned that previously a number of a long time healthcare has solely gotten more durable for sufferers to navigate. The company fields hundreds of calls yearly from residents in search of assist with medical billing questions.
“I’ve talked to too many individuals who’ve simply given up,” Holt mentioned. “The system has been made so onerous for them, and I really feel prefer it’s deliberate.”
‘They Would Not Speak to Me’
Debt assortment lawsuits towards sufferers have declined in Connecticut since 2019, a CT Mirror-KFF Well being Information evaluation of state courtroom information discovered. And courtroom information present most Connecticut hospital techniques have stopped suing sufferers, together with the state’s two largest techniques, Yale New Haven Well being and Hartford HealthCare.
Most hospitals stopped suing sufferers in the course of the covid-19 pandemic as they reevaluated their assortment practices, mentioned Sarah Ginnetti, chief income cycle officer at UConn Well being. The system ceased lawsuits in 2022, information present.
“In a few of these circumstances, it simply felt misaligned with our mission as a corporation,” Ginnetti mentioned. “For the small handful of circumstances that we’d achieve some sort of authorized victory, we actually didn’t really feel as if that will be our greatest path ahead.”
Yale New Haven Well being and Hartford HealthCare wouldn’t focus on why they stopped suing sufferers, as a substitute issuing statements about their monetary help applications.
Scores of medical suppliers — together with doctor teams, dentists, and hospitals — have saved on suing, information exhibits. The CT Mirror-KFF Well being Information evaluation discovered greater than 1,500 healthcare-related debt circumstances filed in Connecticut courts in 2024.
This included lawsuits by Bristol Well being, an impartial native well being system that features Bristol Hospital, and Nuvance Well being, a sequence of seven hospitals lately acquired by Northwell Well being, a multibillion-dollar system primarily based in New York.
Nuvance hospitals filed over 4,000 assortment lawsuits from 2019 to 2024, information present. Over the 5 years, the well being system accounted for greater than 1 / 4 of the roughly 16,300 medical debt assortment lawsuits towards sufferers recognized in state courtroom information.
Hospital officers and different medical suppliers say they attempt to work with sufferers who’ve bother paying their payments. Nikki Schulz, chief income officer for Northwell’s Connecticut hospitals, mentioned in an announcement that years in the past the system “eased” its assortment practices, resulting in a “precipitous decline” in medical debt referred to collections.
“We essentially retooled our method to align with business finest practices,” Schulz mentioned. Data present the well being system sued about 200 sufferers in 2024, down from 2,200 in 2019.
Healthcare executives additionally say they’ve a duty to attempt to accumulate.
“I don’t have a selection,” mentioned Bristol Hospital CEO Kurt Barwis. “What we’re attempting to do is maintain a mission of caring for this group.”
Bristol Well being is certainly one of Connecticut’s most financially strained techniques, and executives are presently in talks with the administration of Democratic Gov. Ned Lamont about an acquisition by state-owned UConn Well being. The proposed deal is, partially, an effort to maintain the hospital afloat.
Barwis mentioned the hospital has taken steps to assist sufferers with surprising payments, together with enlisting monetary counselors to achieve out to sufferers earlier than elective procedures to debate price and monetary help.
However Wooden, who was sued by Bristol, mentioned nobody from the hospital talked to her earlier than her surgical procedure. When she referred to as the hospital after receiving the $12,000 invoice, she mentioned she was informed there was nothing they might do as a result of her insurance coverage had denied the declare.
“They might not speak to me about it,” Wooden mentioned. “They needed their cash.”
Bristol spokesperson Albert Peguero additionally blamed Wooden’s insurer and mentioned the hospital labored with Wooden as she went via quite a few insurance coverage appeals with Aetna.
Wooden didn’t fare any higher with Aetna. It turned out that her well being plan lined solely $15,000 value of bariatric surgical procedure, that means she was chargeable for any payments that exceeded that.
Aetna spokesperson Shelly Bandit mentioned Wooden had been notified of this provision, although Wooden disputes this.
The back-and-forth with the hospital and the insurer enraged Wooden. However after she was sued, she concluded she had no extra choices. She settled with Bristol, agreeing to pay the total steadiness on a fee plan of $150 a month, courtroom information present. Underneath the settlement, it could take Wooden virtually seven years to repay the debt.
Final yr, Wooden confronted further monetary challenges after her mom died and her husband misplaced his job and was unemployed for six months.
Wooden mentioned she’s regained a couple of third of the 100 kilos she misplaced after her surgical procedure due to the stress. Some months she pays Bristol lower than $150. In January, the hospital positioned a lien on her house.
“We don’t have financial savings. We don’t have the additional cash. We’re residing verify by verify,” Wooden mentioned. “We’re working-class folks attempting to make a residing, attempting to do the appropriate factor. And we at all times get screwed.”
‘I Don’t Have Hours on Finish’
It’s troublesome to know what number of medical debt lawsuits come up from disputed payments. However most U.S. adults with healthcare debt say they’ve acquired a invoice prior to now 5 years that they thought contained an error, based on a nationwide survey.
The prevalence of disputed medical payments is one cause many advocates for sufferers say hospitals and different healthcare suppliers shouldn’t sue folks they deal with.
“Understanding insurance coverage to start with after which navigating denials or payments that aren’t plainly understood leaves sufferers caught in an opaque system the place they’ve the least leverage and energy,” mentioned Eva Stahl, a vp of Undue Medical Debt, a nonprofit that has labored with states to purchase and retire debt — together with for greater than 150,000 Connecticut residents.
“Sufferers understandably are left with questions and confusion,” Stahl mentioned.
Timothy Bigham, who owns a development firm and was sued in 2023 by Danbury Hospital, mentioned he by no means understood why he was billed greater than $64,000 after he was hospitalized following a 2019 coronary heart assault.
Bigham, who lives in Danbury, Connecticut, mentioned he was insured on the time. However quickly after he obtained house, Bigham started getting common calls from the hospital. He was informed his insurer wasn’t paying the invoice as a result of he refused to “launch medical information,” he recalled.
“I had insurance coverage after I had the guts assault, but it surely’s my job to get the insurance coverage firm to pay?” Bigham mentioned. “I’m self-employed. I work in development. I don’t have hours on finish to take a seat on the telephone attempting to speak to anyone at an insurance coverage firm.”
Bigham mentioned he in the end “stopped coping with it” as a result of he didn’t know what else to do.
Then, in 2023, Danbury Hospital sued him. A choose dismissed the case in 2025, citing the hospital’s “failure to prosecute with cheap diligence,” based on courtroom information. However by then, the alleged debt had devastated Bigham’s credit score rating, tanking it by over 100 factors, he mentioned.
Northwell’s Schulz declined to touch upon any particular affected person circumstances, citing privateness legal guidelines.
Connecticut handed a regulation in 2024 barring medical debt from client credit score studies.
A handful of states have tried to guard sufferers from lawsuits via measures together with limiting when hospitals can pursue authorized motion. Illinois, for instance, prohibits lawsuits towards uninsured sufferers who show they’ll’t afford their unpaid payments. Nevada, New York, North Carolina, Maryland, and Virginia prohibit liens and foreclosures for medical debt.
‘It Was a Nightmare’
Dominique Jean Pierre was equally stunned by the $20,000 invoice he obtained after he was hospitalized at Norwalk Hospital with a urinary tract an infection in July 2020.
Jean Pierre, 66, had labored for almost twenty years as a bellhop at a Hilton resort in Stamford owned and operated by Atrium Hospitality, a Georgia-based firm. When he obtained sick, the resort was briefly closed due to covid lockdowns.
What Jean Pierre didn’t notice, he mentioned, was that the resort had additionally lower off worker well being advantages. He mentioned he was informed by the hospital that he’d be chargeable for the invoice.
“It was a nightmare,” he mentioned.
Jean Pierre mentioned he begged his supervisor for assist however was informed there was nothing the corporate may do. Atrium Hospitality didn’t reply to requests for remark.
Two years after Jean Pierre’s hospitalization, Norwalk Hospital sued him for greater than $20,000, courtroom information present.
Jean Pierre mentioned he tried twice to use for monetary help, however the hospital informed him he and his spouse made an excessive amount of to qualify, regardless that his medical payments totaled virtually 1 / 4 of their annual revenue of about $87,000.
With nowhere to show, Jean Pierre settled with Norwalk Hospital, now a part of the Northwell system, in 2025, agreeing to pay the total invoice in $100 month-to-month installments, information present. At that price, he can be paying off the debt till 2042.
After the settlement, he mentioned, the choose inspired him to achieve out to elected officers to attempt to get the debt canceled. Jean Pierre was exhausted.
“He says to me, ‘It’s a must to go to your senators. Go to the governor.’ I mentioned, ‘That’s an excessive amount of. [I’m just going to] let it go.’”
Jean Pierre has left the Hilton and now works as a private care attendant, as does his spouse. However he mentioned it nonetheless nags him that companies and healthcare suppliers acquired hundreds of thousands of {dollars} in authorities help in the course of the pandemic, whereas he was left with $20,000 in medical debt.
“They gave cash for the resort. They gave cash for the hospital. They gave cash for lots of stuff,” he mentioned. “However we don’t see none.”
‘I’m Not Attempting To Run Away’
Different sufferers mentioned they felt trapped, even when they tried to do the appropriate factor.
Deneen Brown, who runs a small daycare out of her house in Norwalk, was sued by Norwalk Hospital in 2024 for $7,200 over payments she allegedly incurred “on or about 2019 and 2020,” based on the lawsuit.
Brown mentioned she was surprised by the lawsuit, as she believed she’d had medical insurance on the time. However as a small-business proprietor who took satisfaction in sustaining good credit score and staying on prime of her funds, she mentioned she dedicated to caring for it.
“I’m not attempting to run away from one thing which may be my duty,” Brown mentioned. “Should you say I owe it, I’m going to determine it out, and I’m going to pay it.”
In January 2025, she agreed to a virtually 13-year fee plan of $50 a month, courtroom information present. Typically she pays extra, she mentioned.
The next month, the hospital positioned a lien on her house. Brown mentioned she by no means realized the hospital would proceed to penalize her, even after she agreed to a fee plan.
“Had I identified that, I’d have by no means settled,” she mentioned.
This text was produced in partnership with The Connecticut Mirror, a statewide nonprofit newsroom that covers public coverage and politics.